运动副摩擦参数的识别方法研究

采用粘性 库仑摩擦模型建立了单自由度回转机械系统运动微分方程,分别从时域和频域角度提出了两种识别运动副摩擦参数的方法。仿真结果表明,两种方法在较高信噪比下均能有效地辨识出库仑摩擦和粘性摩擦参数,其中频域法比时域法具有更高的参数估计精度。对电机驱动的单自由度转动机械系统实验装置的运动副建立了相应的摩擦模型,实验结果表明:在不同试验条件下两种方法计算得到的库仑和粘性摩擦参数具有较好重复性,从而验证了本文参数辨识方法的正确性。     

套管磨损三维表面形貌恢复及其机理分析

在DCWT-1000型套管摩擦磨损试验机上进行了套管摩擦磨损试验,研究深井、超深井中"冲击-滑动"复合磨损对套管磨损行为的影响,采用三维表面形貌测试仪、光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察分析了在不同载荷条件下套管磨损表面的微观结构和表面形貌,在此基础上对套管磨损表面进行了三维恢复并计算套管磨损表面的主要形貌参数,探讨了套管磨损表面的磨损机理.结果表明:套管的磨损性能与载荷有关;在不同载荷条件下,套管磨损表面的三维形貌具有不同特点,且主要的表面形貌参数与载荷呈现出较好的相关性,证明了三维形貌分析方法能够真实反映套管磨损表面的情况;当冲击载荷和频率不大时,套管的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,兼有粘着磨损,随着冲击载荷和频率增加,套管磨损表面出现明显粘着剥落和疲劳剥落迹象,并出现疲劳裂纹扩展和连通,套管的磨损机制向粘着磨损和疲劳磨损转化,磨损趋向严重.     

Partial Uniqueness and Obstruction to Uniqueness in Inverse Problems for Anisotropic Elastic Media

We consider the inverse problem of identifying the density and elastic moduli for three-dimensional anisotropic elastic bodies, given displacement and traction measurements made at their surface. These surface measurements are modelled by the dynamic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on a finite time interval. For linear or nonlinear anisotropic hyperelastic bodies we show that the displacement-to-traction surface measurements do not change when the density and elasticity tensor in the interior are transformed tensorially by a change of coordinates fixing the surface of the body to first order. Our main tool, a new approach in inverse problems for elastic media, is the representation of the equations of motion in a covariant form (following Marsden and Hughes, 1983) that preserves the underlying physics.In the case of classical linear elastodynamics we then investigate how the type of anisotropy changes under coordinate transformations. That is, we analyze the orbits of general linear, anisotropic elasticity tensors under the action by pull-back of diffeomorphisms that fix the surface of the elastic body to first order, and derive a pointwise characterization of parts of the orbits under this action. For example, we show that the orbit of isotropic elastic media, at any point in the body, consists of some transversely isotropic and some orthotropic elastic media. We then derive the first uniqueness result in the inverse problem for anisotropic media using surface displacement-traction data: uniqueness of three elastic moduli for tensors in the orbit of isotropic elasticity tensors. ^†Partially supported by an MSRI Postdoctoral Fellowship. Research at MSRI is supported in part by NSF grant DMS-9850361. This work was conducted while the first author was a Gibbs Instructor at Yale University. ^‡Partially supported by an MSRI Postdoctoral Fellowship, and by NSF grant DMS-9801664 (9996350).     

土-结构相互作用体系合成模态阻尼比的振动台模型试验研究

本文籍振动台模型试验。研究了SSI体系的合成模态阻尼比问题。文中首先阐明了在SSI体系直接动力分析中应采用合成模态阻尼比的观点。研究了合成模态阻尼纟的实测确定方法。并在不同工况下，通过对模型不同部位测点的传递函数，基本频率，基本合成模态阻尼比等实测数据考虑，验证了SSI体系合成模态的存在性，合成模态阻尼比与相同应变下不考虑相互作用的单纯地基土体或刚性地基结构阻尼比的差异性及其在递增动力作用下的变化规律。     

弹塑性本构积分算法

本文运用模态应力,模态应变等概念,发展了一种本构积分中点算法。在简正坐标系下得到简单的算法公式。并对算法的精度和稳定性进行了计算验证和理论分析。本文算法的精度和稳定性比通用的屈服面校正方法——切线刚度—径向拉回方法要好。该法对复杂载荷情况下的弹塑性分析有一定的价值。     

On the steady simple shear flows of the one-mode Giesekus fluid

Analytical solutions for the plane Couette flow and the plane Poiseuille flow of the one-mode Giesekus fluid without any retardation time have been obtained by considering the domain of definition for each of the two branch solutions which arise due to the presence of the quadratic stress terms in the constitutive equations. For each fixed value of the mobility parametera, the limiting value of the Weissenberg number for the upper branch solution, i.e., the physically realistic solution is determined in terms of the corresponding dimensionless shear stress for the plane Couette flow and in terms of the corresponding dimensionless pressure gradient for the plane Poiseuille flow. In the case of the plane Couette flow, it is shown that fora falling in the range 0a1/2 only the physically realistic solution exists while for 1/2<a 1 a nonphysical solution coexists with the realistic one. In the case of the plane Poiseuille flow, it is shown that the non-physical solution cannot even exist around the center plane of the channel, and the effects of the mobility parameter and the dimensionless pressure gradient on the flow variables are investigated. Possible extensions of the present approach to other steady simple shear flows with and without the introduction of the retardation time are also discussed.     

FAST OPTIMIZATION METHOD OF REENTRY TRAJECTORY CONSIDERING AERODYNAMIC PARAMETER PERTURBATION

针对传统再入轨迹优化方法收敛速度慢、对初值敏感程度高等的局限性,提出了一种基于序列凸优化的再入轨迹快速求解方法.该方法以倾侧角的变化率作为控制量,改进了现有凸化策略,考虑到抑制数值优化过程中由于数值离散方式带来的锯齿化现象,采用 B 样条曲线离散控制量,同时为避免算法在初始猜想值附近出现伪不可行的问题,增加额外虚拟控制量,通过一种"回溯直线"搜索的方法,提高算法的稳定性、快速性和寻优结果的光滑性.为研究飞行器再入过程中的气动参数扰动问题,采用采样点少、易于实现,计算效率高的广义混沌多项式理论研究方法,建立了基于广义混沌多项式和凸优化相结合的再入轨迹鲁棒优化模型,该模型在优化过程中考虑气动参数扰动对寻优结果的影响作用,避免了传统轨迹与制导律的复杂迭代设计环节,可有效降低优化轨迹对气动参数扰动的敏感程度,在气动参数不确定条件的干扰下,依然可以保证飞行器顺利安全的完成飞行任务.最后,以美国某可重复使用飞行器的再入任务为例,验证了基于序列凸优化的再入轨迹优化方法的快速性以及鲁棒优化模型对气动参数扰动的抗干扰性能力,表明了该方法具有一定的工程应用性.     

结构面抗剪强度参数对岩质边坡稳定的影响

边坡工程中,结构面抗剪强度是非常重要的力学参数,合理地选择确定抗剪强度的方法,常常要分析c、φ值在边坡稳定中的作用。根据极限平衡原理,对10~30m高的平面滑动型边坡不同抗剪强度的控稳结构面c、φ值在边坡稳定中的作用进行了定量分析。研究表明c值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐减弱,φ值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐增强。得到了不同坡高下c、φ值边坡稳定作用等值曲线,该曲线很容易确定抗剪强度参数c、φ值在边坡稳定中的作用。     

Seismic Evaluation of Multi-Storey RC Frame Using Modal Pushover Analysis

The recently developed pushover analysis procedure has led a new dimension to performance-based design in structural engineering practices. With the increase in the magnitude of monotonic loading, weak links and failure modes in the multi-storey RC frames are usually formed. The force distribution and storey displacements are evaluated using static pushover analysis based on the assumption that the response is controlled by fundamental mode and no mode shift takes place. Himalayan-Nagalushai region, Indo-Gangetic plain, Western India, Kutch and Kathiawar regions are geologically unstable parts of India and some devastating earthquakes of remarkable intensity have occurred here. In view of the intensive construction activity in India, where even a medium intensity tremor can cause a calamity, the authors feel that a completely up-to-date, versatile method of aseismic analysis and design of structures are essential. A detailed dynamic analysis of a 10-storey RC frame building is therefore performed using response spectrum method based on Indian Standard Codal Provisions and base shear, storey shear and storey drifts are computed. A modal pushover analysis (MPA) is also carried out to determine the structural response of the same model for the same acceleration spectra used in the earlier case. The major focus of study is to bring out the superiority of pushover analysis method over the conventional dynamic analysis method recommended by the code. The results obtained from the numerical studies show that the response spectrum method underestimates the response of the model in comparison with modal pushover analysis. It is also seen that modal participation of higher modes contributes to better results of the response distribution along the height of the building. Also pushover curves are plotted to illustrate the displacement as a function of base shear.     

山地输电线动刚度计算及模态分析

为了揭示地形变化对连续档输电线动态特性的影响，本文提出了基于任意高差角的动刚度理论．首先将单档导线视为连续档导线的子结构，构建了两悬挂点不等高的单档导线振动方程，并在该理论方程中引入了二次项，能够考虑重力沿弦向分量的影响，推导出绝缘子串绕其悬挂点转动的动刚度计算方法，通过动刚度理论研究连续档导线横向振动模态和频率，并应用有限元软件ABAQUS 验证理论模态和频率公式的准确性．所得结果表明，动刚度的计算方法具有较高的精度，理论模态与有限元输出结果吻合较好，同时获得的频率和模态可为山地高压输电线路防舞技术的研究提供依据．